In this week’s New York Business Divorce, we consider a recurring problem with LLC operating agreements: enforceability of the writing when it is unexecuted or partially executed. A growing body of case law finds such agreements at least potentially enforceable absent an expression of intent to the contrary. Read about that issue, and related issues of due execution of operating agreements, in this week’s New York Business Divorce.
Continue Reading Cooked or Raw? Enforceability of Partly Signed Operating Agreements

In this week’s New York Business Divorce, we tackle the rules governing enforceability of oral partnership, shareholder, and operating agreements, including a first-impression appeals court decision addressing the validity of an alleged oral modification of written limited partnership agreement under New York’s Revised Limited Partnership Act.
Continue Reading Enforceability of Oral Operating, Shareholder, and Partnership Agreements

Shapiro v Ettenson, known as the case that made it extra dangerous for minority members of New York LLCs without written operating agreements, reappears in this week’s New York Business Divorce on the occasion of a recent decision concerning member expulsion.
Continue Reading The Curious Case of the Expelled LLC Member Bound by Operating Agreement He Never Signed

It’s back! For the third week in a row, New York Business Divorce examines a decision by Manhattan Commercial Division Justice Saliann Scarpulla in a multi-faceted feud among members of the Yu family, this time requiring the court to balance the fiduciary duty owed by LLC managers against the right to amend the operating agreement without the consent of the affected minority member.
Continue Reading Does This Decision Put the Brakes on Non-Unanimous Amendments to Operating Agreements?

The Appellate Division in Shapiro v Ettenson interpreted New York’s LLC Law as permitting the adoption of post-formation LLC operating agreements by majority vote, i.e, without the consent of the minority. This week’s New York Business Divorce focuses on Shapiro’s impact on member expulsion.
Continue Reading LLC Member Expulsion: What Hath Shapiro Wrought?

This week’s New York Business Divorce compares two recent New York and Delaware decisions reaching opposite results on the issue of amending LLC agreements without the unanimous consent of the members. You may be surprised to learn which state offers minority members greater protection.
Continue Reading Delaware Ruling Highlights Difference With New York Over Amending LLC Agreements

Brooklyn’s newest Commercial Division Justice, Sylvia G. Ash, last month handed down an interesting decision denying a petition for judicial dissolution of an LLC brought by a 25% member alleging freeze-out. Catch up with the latest developments in this week’s New York Business Divorce.
Continue Reading Another Frozen-Out Minority LLC Member’s Petition for Dissolution Bites the . . . Sushi?

You may be surprised to learn that, according to a ruling last month in Shapiro v Ettenson, a minority member of a New York LLC that initially had no written operating agreement is bound by a written operating agreement subsequently adopted by the majority members, notwithstanding the minority member’s refusal to sign the agreement. Get the detailed story in this week’s New York Business Divorce.
Continue Reading Can LLC Agreement Be Enforced Against Member Who Doesn’t Sign It?